![]() Vision impairment severely impacts quality of life among adult populations. School-age children with vision impairment can also experience lower levels of educational ![]() Young children with early onset severe vision impairment can experience delayed motor, language, emotional, social and cognitive development, with lifelong consequences. In adult populations, uncorrected refractive error remains a leading cause of vision impairment in all countries amongst children. For example, in low-income countries congenital cataract is a leading cause, whereas in middle-income countries it is more likely to be retinopathy of prematurity. In high income countries, diseases such as glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration are more common.Īmong children, the causes of vision impairment vary considerably across countries. To cataract is higher in low- and middle-income countries than high-income countries. For example, the proportion of vision impairment attributable There is substantial variation in the causes between and within countries according to the availability of eye care services, their affordability, and the eye care literacy of the population. Globally, the leading causes of vision impairment are: Population growth and ageing are expected to increase the risk that more people acquire vision impairment. With regards to near vision, rates of unaddressed near vision impairmentĪre estimated to be greater than 80% in western, eastern and central sub-Saharan Africa, while comparative rates in high-income regions of North America, Australasia, Western Europe, and of Asia-Pacific are reported to be lower than 10% (2). In terms of regional differences, the prevalence of distance vision impairment in low- and middle-income regions is estimated to be four times higher than in high-income regions (1). (3.9 million), and trachoma (2 million), as well as near vision impairment caused by unaddressed presbyopia (826 million) (1). This 1 billion people includes those with moderate or severe distance vision impairment or blindness due to unaddressed refractive error (88.4 million), cataract (94 million), glaucoma (7.7 million), corneal opacities (4.2 million), diabetic retinopathy In at least 1 billion – or almost half – of these cases, vision impairment could have been prevented or has yet to be addressed. Globally, at least 2.2 billion people have a near or distance vision impairment. Glasses or white canes), and whether the person experiences problems with inaccessible buildings, transport and information. This includes for example, the availability of prevention and treatment interventions, access to vision rehabilitation (including assistive products such as Near visual acuity worse than N6 or M.08 at 40cm.Ī person’s experience of vision impairment varies depending upon many different factors.Blindness –visual acuity worse than 3/60.Severe –visual acuity worse than 6/60 to 3/60.Moderate –visual acuity worse than 6/18 to 6/60.Mild –visual acuity worse than 6/12 to 6/18.The International Classification of Diseases 11 (2018) classifies vision impairment into two groups, distance and near presenting vision impairment.
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